![]() The patient’s immune cells may see the donor’s cells as foreign and destroy them. One complication of allogeneic transplantation is that the patient’s body-despite the treatment to suppress the immune system-may reject the donated stem cells before they are able to engraft in the bone marrow. Another advantage of cord blood transplants is that cord blood may require a lower level of HLA matching between the donor and recipient. ![]() However, cord blood is available much more quickly (potentially within 2 to 4 weeks), while it may take a month or more to obtain matched unrelated donor grafts. Cord blood transplant patients also have an increased risk of graft failure. Unfortunately, cord blood units tend to contain fewer stem cells and may be difficult to use in people with larger body sizes. Cord blood may be an option for patients without a well-matched donor. Cord blood is blood taken from the umbilical cords of newborn babies. As a result, most individuals will have a suitable related haploidentical donor.Ĭord Blood Transplantation. Because a child receives half of their HLA markers from a parent, a biological child and their parent will always be a half match, while there is only a 50 percent chance of a sibling being a half match. In many cases, a healthy first-degree relative (a parent, sibling or child) can be a half-match donor and donate stem cells. To increase the number of potential donors, some transplant centers have begun to perform half-match (haploidentical) transplants for patients who cannot find a closely matched Use of medications following transplant allow for mismatched donors while still lowering the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Mismatched Unrelated Donor Transplantation. Your doctor will try to match 10 to 12 HLA markers to lower the risk of graft-versus-host disease (see below). In recent years, advances in medicine have allowed for the use of stem cell donors who are mismatched, meaning that not all 10 or 12 markers are a perfect match. For those patients who do not have a matched family donor, an unrelated donor may be found through a volunteer donor registry. On average, a person has one chance in four of having the same HLA type as his or her sibling, but many patients do not have a sibling with the same tissue type. Individuals inherit half of their HLA markers from their mothers and half from their fathers, so most often the ideal donor is a patient’s sibling (who has inherited the same HLA markers). Blood tests of both the patient and potential donor are done to determine if there is an HLA match. They make up a person’s tissue type, which varies from person to person. People have different sets of proteins or markers called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) on the surface of most of their cells. Helping the donor stem cells engraft (grow and make new blood cells in the patient’s body). ![]() For most patients, a close match is important because it improves the chances for a successful transplant by: Once it is determined that allogeneic SCT is a treatment option for a patient, the patient’s doctor will begin to search for a suitable donor. Tissue Typing for Allogeneic Transplantation It does not occur in an autologous SCT.Īllogeneic SCT is often used to treat blood cancers such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. This benefit can only occur in allogeneic SCT. It can help prevent their cancer from coming back. For some patients, GVT is crucial for the effectiveness of their treatment. The GVT effect happens when white blood cells from the donor (the “graft”) identify any remaining cancer cells (the “tumor”) in the patient as foreign and attack them. This is called the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. This process is called “engraftment.”įor some types of blood cancers, an allogeneic SCT may work directly to destroy cancer cells. Conditioning treatment allows the new cells to move through the bloodstream to the patient's bone marrow, where the donor cells begin to grow and produce new blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It weakens the patient's own immune system so that the donor cells are not rejected. Conditioning treatment is given to destroy any remaining cancer cells in the body. The Trish Greene Back to School ProgramĪllogeneic stem cell transplantation involves the use of stem cells from someone other than the patient. The donated stem cells can come from either a person related or not related to the patient.īefore beginning an allogenic SCT, the patient receives a conditioning treatment that consists of either chemotherapy or radiation.
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